Background: The expansion of the use of audio AND video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural AND economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct AND validate a questionnaire on PHYSICAL AND psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational AND confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online AND virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized PHYSICAL AND psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions AND 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel AND neck syndrome SMS) AND has good reliability, validity AND flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion AND Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of PHYSICAL AND psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify AND study the PHYSICAL AND psychological injuries of mobile phones.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components AND criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components AND criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different PHYSICAL developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various PHYSICAL developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, AND Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, AND new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test AND regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence AND pro-liking for private cars, density AND access to educational centers AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND variety AND density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, AND pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, AND age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including lAND use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, AND attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially lAND use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components AND criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components AND criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different PHYSICAL developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various PHYSICAL developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which PHYSICAL AND non-PHYSICAL characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical AND experiMENTAL based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, AND walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators AND criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical AND experiMENTAL literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, AND Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, AND new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of lAND use, travel habits, AND access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test AND regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas AND which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results AND discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, AND pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environMENTAL characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence AND pro-liking for personal cars, variety AND density of retail stores, density AND access to educational units AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between PHYSICAL AND non-PHYSICAL factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence AND pro-liking for private cars, density AND access to educational units AND parks, access to medical AND service centers, AND variety AND density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, AND pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, AND age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different PHYSICAL development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of PHYSICAL development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior AND finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables AND data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning AND urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods AND criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors AND family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey AND the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The rANDom sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children AND family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, PHYSICAL violence, neglect against children AND family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented MENTALity has a positive relationship with psychological violence, PHYSICAL violence, neglect against children AND family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with MENTAL violence, PHYSICAL violence AND neglect against children AND family violence against children was confirmed AND it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with MENTAL violence, PHYSICAL violence AND neglect against children AND family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, PHYSICAL violence AND neglect against children AND family violence against children.

As a part of the human society, children have formed the future generation of every country, AND the child's interaction with the surrounding environment requires his PHYSICAL AND MENTAL development. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the environment that promotes MENTAL AND PHYSICAL development of the child. In order to check the suitable environment for children, the initiative of the child-friendly city has been taken into consideration. The general purpose of this research is to improve the status of two cities from the perspective of a child-friendly city AND to identify the appropriate indicators of a child-friendly city AND to make a comparative comparison in the two metropolises of Tehran AND Isfahan. The current research is developMENTAL in terms of the combined method AND in terms of the goal, AND it is based on library AND documentary studies, field surveys AND interviews. Yeoman-Whitney test was used to analyze the indicators. The results of the evaluation show that in the comparison of the two cities of Tehran AND Isfahan in terms of the examined indicators (social AND PHYSICAL, economic, environMENTAL, urban management AND leisure), Tehran city in the variable of safety AND protection with an average of 3.09 AND Isfahan city in Participation AND citizenship variables with an average of 3.22 have a favorable level. Although Tehran is in a better condition compared to Isfahan in other indicators, in general, both cities are far apart in terms of stANDard indicators, AND suggestions have been made in this regard.

Objective: Medically unexplained SYMPTOMS are PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS, which cannot be explained by organic causes. This study aimed to investigate MENTAL health in patients with medically unexplained PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS.Method: One hundred outpatients who were admitted to the Electro Diagnosis Clinic of Imam Khomeini hospital, Ahvaz/Iran, participated in this study. Data were collected using PHYSICAL examination, paraclinical examinations, AND SCL-90-R, AND analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), Chi-square test AND Fisher’s exact test.Results: The findings revealed significant differences between clients with medically explained AND unexplained SYMPTOMS in obsessive compulsive AND somatization (p<0.05). Differences in depression, anxiety, phobia, psychosis, aggression AND paranoia were not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: The present study suggested an association between some psychological problems AND somatic SYMPTOMS. Therefore, screening for psychological impairments can improve clinical outcomes.

Nowadays, the fundaMENTAL role of having a purpose for life in PHYSICAL AND MENTAL health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning AND increases resilience against pains AND traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable AND valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh AND Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first AND one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through rANDom stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" AND "purpose" AND this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

In the present study, the main purpose is the qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview AND purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed AND the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central AND core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin AND the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, AND high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance AND illiteracy, PHYSICAL AND MENTAL torment, unknown horizon AND confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity AND customary definitions AND contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia AND the formation of rent AND corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling AND institutional exclusion AND illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful AND institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..

Artifacts are ubiquitous AND influential in our world, but their nature AND existence are controversial. Several theories have been proposed to explain the ontology of artifacts. Drawing on Popper's theory of three worlds, this paper suggests a metaphysics for artifacts along the line of a critical rationalist (CR) approach. This theory distinguishes between three realms of reality: the PHYSICAL world (World 1), the MENTAL world (World 2), AND the world of objective knowledge (World 3). The paper argues that artifacts have different ontological components that correspond to these three realms, AND that each component is real AND causal. The paper shows how this perspective can account for the intentional AND functional aspects of artifacts, as well as their dependence on plans that influence different realms of reality. The paper explains how this pluralistic ontology, compared to the rival theories, enables one to explain the relevant ontological problems of artifacts. The paper also explores how this proposal can lead to a research program encompassing a broader range of technologies, such as social artifacts. In sum, the paper suggests that Popper's three worlds theory provides a rich AND comprehensive framework for understANDing the metaphysics of artifacts.